Invention of Sleeping Car :

It is interesting to read about the man , who made our journey comfortable on Railways, with his invention of "sleeping car".
                                                            Andrew Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland in 1835. His father was a handloom weaver. Young Andrew was bright even as a child and stood as an outstanding as an outstanding performer at school. He was known for his quick grasp and memory. His grooming and circumstance gave him a  matured mind at a young age.
                                                     In 1948, his father ,unable to compete with the ever growing competition in handloom weaving , decide to emigrate to America. They arrived in Allengheny City, Pennsylvania. There young Andrew Carnegie started life as a bobbin-boy in cotton factory. Later on he worked as a messenger boy. At the age of twenty , when his father expired , he had to take up the responsibility of his family.
          He made the railway sleeping car which was an instant success. He then brought a farm which provided enormous amount of oil. He began the Keystone Bridge Company and acquired a large steel plant,building bridges of steel. He controlled a railway-684 Km long and run a line of Lake steamships. He earned plenty of money. He wanted to use his wealth for good of others and so decided to return to Scotland. Once he was back to Scotland, he established the Carnegie Foundation. It awards prizes for people who have benefited mankind. Andrew Carnegie felt that every rich man has certain duties to perform. He demonstrated what he felt was the duty of wealthy people . He considered all his surplus funds as Trust Funds. At the age of 66 he set up a number of such trusts . In America the Carnegie trust helped the education of the Negroes and also provided pensions for all Carnegie's workers. In Scotland, he created a special Dunfermline Trust for his home town. His United Kingdom Trust helped and founded Welfare Centres,libraries and museums. Two scientific institutes were established by him in Washington and Pittsburg.
                                  The cause of peace was dear to Andrew Carnegie's heart. He built the place of peace at Hague in Holland. He died at Lennos , Massachusetts in 1919. He lived till the end true to his belief that surplus wealth must be spent for the cause of fellow citizens.

Invention Of Dynamite :

Nobel prizes are named after the Swedish chemist and engineer, Alfred Nobel who invented dynamite which earned for him International fame. These prestigious prizes are presented every year on 10th December because it is the death anniversary of Nobel. Nobel prizes are given in the fields of Physics , Chemistry , Physiology /Medicine, Literature, Peace , and Economic Sciences. The first Nobel prizes were given in 1901. The first Nobel prize for the Economic Sciences was given to Frish and Tinbergen in 1969. It was instituted by the National Bank of Sweden. Hargobind Khorana(1968,Physiology/Medicine), Mother Teresa (1979,Peace) Sir C.V Raman (1930,Physics),  and Amartya Sen (1998,Economic Sciences) from India also have won the Nobel prize. 
                        Madam Curie (1903,Physics and 1911,Chemistry), and Linus Pauling (1954, Chemistry and 1962, Peace) are the twin recipients of the Nobel prize for different subjects. John Bardeen( Physics, 1956 and 1972) and Frederic Sanger (Chemistry, 1958 and 1980) are the twin recipients of the Nobel prize for the same subjects. The USA has won the maximum number of Nobel prizes till now. Abdus Salam, a Pakistani won the Nobel prize for Physics in 1979. Roentgen (Physics) Van't Hoff (Chemistry), Von Behring (physiology/Medicine), Sully ( Literature ), Dunant and Passy(Peace) in 1901 are the first Nobel prize winners in different categories.
                           The Curie family , Pierre Curie(Father), Marie Curie(Mother), Irene Joliot Curie(daughter) and Frederic Joliot (son-in-law) has won the maximum of Nobel prizes. Among them, they won 5 prizes. American physician Francis Peyton Rous had to wait the longest after his discovery for the Nobel prize. He discovered a virus that caused a particular variety of cancer in 1911. He got the Nobel prize in 1966, fifty-five years later. William Lawrence Bragg,25 years of age , is the youngest Nobel prize winner. He shared the prize with his father in 1915. Albert Einstein, the American scientist, won the Nobel prize in 1921 for his work on photo electric effect. Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian to win the Nobel prize in 1913 for Literature. The first American Nobel prize winner for Literature was Sinclair Lewis in 1930.
                             In 1906, the Nobel prize committee gave its first prize to a statesman. He was American president Theodore Roosevelt. He helped in bringing the Russo - Japanese war to an end.Martin Luther King is the youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner . He was awarded the prize in 1964, when he was only 35 years of age.
                                Alfred Nobel father was wrecked after his youngest son's death. In order to send his parents to a spa, for recovery , Alfred Nobel sold his patent to Norway for immediate cash. On his return his father lost interest in explosives. He wanted to create something new. He started collecting wood shavings and glued them together by special machinery to make a new fabric. It was Immanuel Nobel, who invented the Plywood. Tragedy struck Alfred Nobel's Life . The explosive was sought- after by all countries across the world. fearing a ban on his product, Alfred wanted to solidify the explosive . he tried a variety of absorbents. Even this time an accident that occurred on one of the shipments brought a new brainwave. Someone changed the stuffing of the nitro-glycerine crated for a sort of clay available in northern Germany. To his happiness, he noticed that when one of these clay absorbed the nitro- glycerine and it remained in granules. When he tested these granules in his lab, he found that the clay reached to heat and shock as did nitroglycerine. he detonated the material and confirmed. thus the Dynamite was invented. Alfred Nobel patented it under two names. " Dynamite" and " Nobel's Safety Powder". Many awards and honours poured in but he decline all except a gold medal from the Swedish Academy of Science.Though Alfred Nobel invented dynamite , he always wanted the humanity to use it for the benefit of mankind. He yearned for world peace. His feelings for the world Peace were well corroborated by Bertha Von Suttner, whom he loved, but not reciprocated. He had a great trust in her as she, by herself was working to spread the principle of world peace. She even persuaded Alfred Nobel to attend the fourth world peace Congress in Berne. At end of the Conference , the inventor of destructive weapon was totally committed to peace. On Jan7,1893 he confirmed his idea of instituting a peace prize through a letter to Bertha. It took a final shape when he made a final will in November 1895. This prize will go to the person who tries to promote friendship between nations, to secure the elimination or reduction of standing armies as well as for the promotion of the peace. This formula became effective after his death.